South Korea has officially identified two new endemic snake species, marking a significant milestone in the country’s biodiversity research. These discoveries expand the known number of venomous pit vipers in South Korea from three to five.
Two New Endemic Snake Species in South Korea
Background
- Researchers from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) conducted an eight-year genetic study (2018–2026) on 513 specimens of the slender pit viper (Gloydius brevicaudus).
- The study revealed that populations on Baengnyeong Island and Jeju Island are genetically distinct, leading to their classification as new endemic species.
The Newly Identified Species
Baengnyeong Slender Pit Viper
- Found exclusively on Baengnyeong Island.
- Features longer body and tail compared to other slender pit vipers.
- Average 152 ventral scales, higher than the mainland species.
Jeju Slender Pit Viper
- Native to Jeju Island.
- Slightly smaller, averaging 143 ventral scales.
- Adapted to the island’s unique climate and food chain.
Comparison with Existing Species
Previously, South Korea was home to three Gloydius species:
- Korean moccasin (Gloydius saxatilis)
- Slender pit viper (Gloydius brevicaudus)
- Leopard pit viper (Gloydius intermedius)
With the addition of the Baengnyeong and Jeju species, the total rises to five distinct Gloydius species in South Korea.
| Species | Location | Key Traits |
|---|---|---|
| Korean moccasin | Mainland | Larger, widespread |
| Slender pit viper | Mainland, China, Russia | Smallest species |
| Leopard pit viper | Mainland | Distinct spotted pattern |
| Baengnyeong slender pit viper | Baengnyeong Island | Longer body, 152 ventral scales |
| Jeju slender pit viper | Jeju Island | Smaller, 143 ventral scales |
Significance of the Discovery
- These are the first reptiles endemic to South Korea, apart from the Jangsu gecko (found in North Korea).
- The findings highlight how island isolation drives evolutionary adaptation, producing unique species.
- South Korea now hosts around 30 reptile species, with three confirmed endemics across the peninsula.
Conclusion
The discovery of the Baengnyeong and Jeju slender pit vipers underscores the importance of long-term genetic research in uncovering hidden biodiversity. It also emphasizes the need for conservation efforts, as these species are limited to small island habitats and may be vulnerable to environmental changes.
Source: MSN / The Chosunilbo
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